Interactive comment on “Observational evidences of the influences of tropospheric subtropical and midlatitude stratospheric westerly jets on the equatorial stratospheric intraseasonal

Madden-Julian Oscillation. These oscillations are observed in the tropical stratosphere (and higher) but only above about 20km, i.e. they are absent from the lowest part of the stratosphere. The explanation is that the oscillations excited in the troposphere are refracted into mid-latitudes in the upper troposphere, so are absent in the tropical lower stratosphere, and are then refracted back into the tropics in the stratosphere, so reappear in the tropic at some level. This explanation of observations has previously been provided by Ziemke and Stanford (1991) (who focus on the southern hemisphere and consider levels up to 40km or so) and Niranjankumar et al (2011) (who focus on the northern hemisphere and consider a combination of radar, lidar and satellite data and reanalysis data, which extends up to 90km).